{"id":705,"date":"2024-02-29T08:28:35","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T08:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kna.sweans.org\/article\/article-1\/"},"modified":"2024-02-29T11:23:27","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T11:23:27","slug":"article-1","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/kna.sweans.org\/ar\/article\/article-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Vascular Access"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8- \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9- \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10- \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11- \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12- \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (Lidocaine) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u062e (Chloroethone) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628 5-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 (Emla, Topicaine)&nbsp; \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13- \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648) \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14- \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 4-6 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15- \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 300 \u0645\u0644\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 200 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646 -200 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0636\u064a\u0642 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0637 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 4 &amp; 5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16- \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0628- \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062c- \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062f- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 5\u060c 6 &amp; 7):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0643 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src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/yPOFj1NphNBs-UHQ4fn99ApFYqywvyGwE__mdKpmwTreVF6hfb6H0FEllAWLVYYt9R3yKiG8TQksB06OYFvjksVV85fTsWxYhCnzyIkJsvjlzV3BAD0zcNW48Q5bDWd-L3nzvXyrNPpqi9GcaH2ERYXhPlVfi9cC\" width=\"315\" height=\"493\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/h6HPlqtEzxFsBPM6RLU01tGnazV0mt2LJVCAHY3UDdHOp2IuD_Ynt8WjGJjdCgfD1WVLOJK_G9LiwYY-WDImMOr1ZOIUrwXSKbwK4gZjvY5Gsf9CuqF2O6czfJLTG-tNmNucp7zNT9hN32rxIEj1-VJ6NmPNn-3t\" width=\"226.13258481025696\" height=\"217\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 226px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 226\/217;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/h6HPlqtEzxFsBPM6RLU01tGnazV0mt2LJVCAHY3UDdHOp2IuD_Ynt8WjGJjdCgfD1WVLOJK_G9LiwYY-WDImMOr1ZOIUrwXSKbwK4gZjvY5Gsf9CuqF2O6czfJLTG-tNmNucp7zNT9hN32rxIEj1-VJ6NmPNn-3t\" width=\"226.13258481025696\" height=\"217\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/ZKqZwdVgtmho1kt_ffmKF1-hQuOyCK9uG0q2dC2-czOau6N3T-4S2-3WeubaHz62d6BwwjFePtmWW6qtcaigOSNSYcR7Qy77Yy_cWRgSzltivj0Pa8IDKxCyyq3_CAn3P3NyGqNW3mfyPRVIJhVOuXAEfjG3osFa\" width=\"208\" height=\"232.99947237968445\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 208px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 208\/232;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/ZKqZwdVgtmho1kt_ffmKF1-hQuOyCK9uG0q2dC2-czOau6N3T-4S2-3WeubaHz62d6BwwjFePtmWW6qtcaigOSNSYcR7Qy77Yy_cWRgSzltivj0Pa8IDKxCyyq3_CAn3P3NyGqNW3mfyPRVIJhVOuXAEfjG3osFa\" width=\"208\" height=\"232.99947237968445\"><\/noscript><br><img decoding=\"async\" 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